Prevalence and clinical characteristics of idiopathic macular hole in a tertiary hospital in northwest Mexico

Prevalencia y características clínicas de pacientes con diagnóstico de agujero macular idiopático en un hospital de tercer nivel del noroeste de México

Introduction: The macular hole is a circular retinal defect in the foveal area of the neu-rosensory retina, it can be full thickness or lamellar when the defect does not involve all the layers of the neurosensory retina.

Objective. To determine the prevalence of idiopathic macular hole in the Specialty Hospital 2 of the IMSS Cd Obregon Sonora.

Material and methods. Retrospective, cross-sectional, observational, descriptive study, non-probabilistic selection of consecutive cases from the clinic evaluated for the first time with RTVue XR Avanti, Optovue Inc., Fremont, CA, USA optical coherence tomography and diagnosed with idiopathic macular hole, taking clinical and demographic variables. Descriptive statistics were used, we used Chi square of goodness of fit to contrast the prevalence, we considered significant differences a value of p≤0.05, we used SPSS version 24.

Results. A prevalence of 3.2% was found, mean age 68.72 SD ± 8.736, female 22 (61.1%), mean size 485.00 SD ± 270.302, female sex 22 (61.1%), left eyes 55.5%, visual acuity 20/60 or worse. 88.9%, arterial hypertension 36.1%, Gass staging was 61.1% stages 4, 25% of the concomitant diseases presented some, and glauco-ma was 13.9%, the majority 58.3%) was managed with vitrectomy.

Conclusion. The prevalence of idiopathic macular hole is similar to that reported at the national level, however, it is higher than that described by other authors at the international level, age in the seventh decade of life and female sex. are the clinical characteristics presented by the cases of idiopathic macular hole in our hospital