Criação e desigualdade: a marca da violência física infantil

Publicado 2026-04-24


https://doi.org/10.30554/archmed.26.1.5563.2026
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v. 26 n. 1 (2026): Archivos de Medicina (Manizales)
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López Ríos, M. A. ., & Zabaraín Cogollo, S. J. . (2026). Criação e desigualdade: a marca da violência física infantil. Archivos De Medicina (Manizales), 26(1). https://doi.org/10.30554/archmed.26.1.5563.2026
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https://doi.org/10.30554/archmed.26.1.5563.2026
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López Ríos, M. A. ., & Zabaraín Cogollo, S. J. . (2026). Criação e desigualdade: a marca da violência física infantil. Archivos De Medicina (Manizales), 26(1). https://doi.org/10.30554/archmed.26.1.5563.2026

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Este trabalho está licenciado sob uma licença Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

María Alejandra López Ríos
Magister en Proyectos para el Desarrollo Integral de la Infancia la Adolescencia y la Juventud. Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia
https://orcid.org/0009-0000-2129-8676 ORCID
Sara J. Zabaraín Cogollo
PhD. En Psicología, Psicóloga investigadora. Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1685-0715 ORCID
##submission.authorBio##

Objetivo: Explorar os fatores familiares e as práticas parentais associadas ao uso de violência física por cuidadores de crianças menores de quatro anos em Santa Marta (Colômbia). O estudo busca compreender as dinâmicas de socialização precoce que favorecem o castigo físico, identificar fatores de risco e de proteção e fornecer evidências para a elaboração de intervenções parentais positivas com uma abordagem contextual e baseada em direitos. Metodologia: Foi realizado um estudo quantitativo, transversal e exploratório com 57 cuidadores envolvidos em programas administrados pelo Instituto Colombiano de Bem-Estar Familiar (ICBF). Foram aplicados questionários estruturados e validados para caracterizar variáveis sociodemográficas, rotinas, vínculos afetivos e práticas disciplinares. A análise dos dados foi realizada com o software Jamovi, com estatísticas descritivas e critérios éticos nacionais e internacionais. Resultados: 75,4% dos cuidadores reconheceram recorrer ao castigo físico e 47,4% empregaram expressões verbais agressivas. Esses comportamentos foram associados à precariedade econômica, violência comunitária (42%) e estresse parental. Mesmo com relações próximas (94,7%), 30% das crianças apresentaram comportamentos desafiadores. Rotinas estruturadas e o apoio de redes familiares funcionaram como fatores de proteção. Conclusões: A violência física infantil reflete causas estruturais e emocionais. Reduzi-la exige fortalecer a criação positiva, fomentar vínculos afetivos e coordenar ações intersetoriais que aliviem o estresse familiar em contextos vulneráveis.

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