Complicaciones dermatológicas no infecciosas de los implantes ortopédicos: una revisión de la literatura
Complicaciones dermatológicas no infecciosas de los implantes ortopédicos: una revisión de la literatura Non-infectious dermatological complications of orthopedic implants: a literatura review
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Introducción: la prevalencia general de hipersensibilidad a los componentes metálicos
ortopédicos se ha calculado en aproximadamente de 10 al 15%. Objetivo: describir las reacciones de hipersensibilidad secundarias a la implantación de dispositivos protésicos ortopédicos en cirugía de artroplastia. Materiales y métodos: se realizó una
búsqueda abierta en las bases de datos EBSCO, PubMed-Medline, Google académico,
SciELO, Embase biomedical y Cochrane Library con los términos: arthroplastym, hypersensitivity, prostheses e implants, en inglés y español, sin limitación del grado de evidencia. Resultados: se encontraron 39 artículos con información relevante para la
actual revisión. Conclusiones: las reacciones cutáneas de hipersensibilidad al metal son infrecuentes, por lo que deben excluirse causas inflamatorias más comunes como la infección, inestabilidad, aflojamiento o malrotación del implante, entre otras,
antes de considerar tal patología. Actualmente no existe un estándar de oro respecto al diagnóstico, tratamiento o prevención de la hipersensibilidad.
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