Megaloblastic anemia, generalities and relationship with neurological deficit

Anemia Megaloblástica, generalidades y su relación con el déficit neurológico

Megaloblastic anemias group a series of disorders that are characterized by the morphological change of the erythrocytes and their alteration in the development and maturation at the level of the bone marrow. The causes of megaloblastic anemia are numerous, but in most cases it is due to a deficiency of folates and vitamin B12. This last has been involved in multiple physiological and metabolic processes including the development of the central nervous system, the synthesis of neurotransmitters and cellular integrity. The deficit or absence of these compounds generates megaloblastic anemia, a condition that deforms blood cells and causes various symptoms such as fatigue, weakness, weight loss and in early childhood can generate intellectual deficiencies and persistent motor disorders. A bibliographic search was carried out in order to review the deficiency of vitamin B12 and folate in relation to its complications at the neurological level.