Challenges faced by immigrant students in educational processes and administrative responses of school management

Desafíos a los que se enfrentan los estudiantes inmigrantes en los procesos educativos y respuestas administrativas de la gestión escolar

This study aims to explore the challenges encountered by immigrant students in their educational processes and to examine the administrative responses developed by school management to address these difficulties. Employing a qualitative research approach, the study was designed as a case study. The participants consisted of 28 school administrators working in schools that enroll Syrian immigrant students. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and analyzed using descriptive analysis techniques. The findings reveal that immigrant students most frequently experience challenges related to language barriers, difficulties in school and social adaptation, economic disadvantages, limited parental involvement, and cultural exclusion. Among these, insufficient proficiency in the language of instruction emerges as a critical factor that negatively affects both academic achievement and social interaction. Adaptation problems and strained peer relationships weaken students’ sense of belonging to school, while economic hardship and restricted parental engagement further exacerbate these challenges. The administrative strategies developed by school management primarily focus on supporting Turkish language development, providing guidance and psychosocial support services, strengthening family–school collaboration, implementing social integration and inclusion activities, and mobilizing institutional and financial support mechanisms. Although feedback from immigrant students is generally positive and reflects satisfaction with school-based support, persistent issues such as peer bullying, ongoing adaptation difficulties, and limited feedback mechanisms remain evident. Overall, the findings underscore the need for holistic, inclusive, and multi-stakeholder approaches to effectively support immigrant students’ educational experiences and to promote equitable and sustainable educational environments.